The concept of communicatio idiomatum, or the communication of attributes, speaks to the profound union of divinity and humanity in Christ. This theme explores the dynamics of the Incarnation—the embodiment of God in human form. Through reflective insights, historical perspectives, and theological reflections, we embark on an exploration of communicatio idiomatum, inviting us to encounter the mystery of God incarnate.
Defining Communicatio Idiomatum: Communicatio idiomatum, or the communication of properties, is a theological term that describes how the attributes of both the divine and human natures of Christ are ascribed to His person. It emphasizes that Jesus, as the incarnate Son of God, possesses both divine and human qualities, and that these attributes are shared within His singular person. This concept highlights the inseparable union of Christ’s two natures.
Scriptural Insights
- John 1:14 (ESV) – “The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.” This verse encapsulates the essence of communicatio idiomatum, revealing the embodiment of the eternal Word and the divine glory in human form.
- Colossians 2:9 (ESV) – “For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form.” This verse speaks to the profound reality of communicatio idiomatum, as Christ embodies the complete fullness of God within human flesh.
Historical Perspectives
- Martin Luther (1483–1546) – “In Christ, the attributes of each nature are ascribed to the person as a whole.” Luther emphasized that the union of Christ’s divine and human natures allows for the communication of their attributes within His person.
- John Calvin (1509–1564) – “Although these two natures are substantially connected in one person, nevertheless, they are not intermingled.” Calvin stressed the importance of understanding the distinction between the two natures while acknowledging their unity in Christ.
Theological Reflections
- Hans Urs von Balthasar – “God’s Word in human flesh is the truth that constitutes salvation.” Balthasar illuminated the reality of communicatio idiomatum as a truth foundational to our redemption, transcending mere symbolism.
- Thomas Aquinas – “In Christ, there is a twofold nature, and hence a twofold operation: divine operation befits the divine nature, and human operation the human nature.” Aquinas emphasized the coexistence of the divine and human operations within Christ.
Practical Implications
- Humble Worship: Contemplate the unity of Christ’s divine and human natures as the basis of your salvation. Without this humble joining of the human with the divine, we would be without redemption.
- Sacred Imprint: Recognize the imprint of God’s attributes in your life. Just as Christ’s natures coexist, you too carry the divine image while experiencing the human journey.
- Holistic Living: Strive for a holistic approach to life, embracing both your spiritual and physical dimensions. Just as Christ’s unity of natures impacts His actions, strive for the same.
- Bridge of Compassion: Build bridges of compassion by understanding that every person carries within them the image of God. Just as Christ bridged the gap between divinity and humanity, extend empathy and understanding to all.
This theological insight reveals the extent to which God has gone to save us. The gospel hinges on the existence of the God-Man, without whom we would remain without salvation. The practical ramifications are equally remarkable: just as Christ brought together divine and human qualities, our lives can exemplify a similar integration in our posture, actions, and engagement with others.